#Reference

This is the reference for the Hardhat Network Helpers library. This library contains utility functions to interact with the Hardhat Network in an easier and safer way.

# Mining blocks

#mine([blocks], [options])

Mines a specified number of blocks at a given interval.

Parameters:

• blocks: Number of blocks to mine. Defaults to 1.
• options.interval: Configures the interval (in seconds) between the timestamps of each mined block. Defaults to 1.

Example:

// mine a new block
await helpers.mine();

// mine several blocks
await helpers.mine(1000);

// mine several blocks with a given interval between their timestamps
await helpers.mine(1000, { interval: 15 });

#mineUpTo(blockNumber)

Mines new blocks until the latest block number is blockNumber.

Parameters:

• blockNumber: Must be greater than the latest block's number.

Example:

await helpers.mineUpTo(1234);

# Manipulating accounts

#setBalance(address, balance)

Sets the balance for the given address.

Parameters:

• address: The address whose balance will be edited.
• balance: The new balance to set for the given address, in wei.

Example:

await helpers.setBalance(address, 100n ** 18n);

#setCode(address, code)

Modifies the contract bytecode stored at an account's address.

Parameters:

• address: The address where the given code should be stored.
• code: The code to store.

Example:

await helpers.setCode(address, "0x1234...");

#setNonce(address, nonce)

Modifies an account's nonce by overwriting it.

Parameters:

• address: The address whose nonce is to be changed.
• nonce: The new nonce.

Example:

await helpers.setNonce(address, 100);

#setStorageAt(address, index, value)

Writes a single position of an account's storage.

Parameters:

• address: The address where the code should be stored.
• index: The index in storage.
• value: The value to store.

Example:

await helpers.setStorageAt(address, storageSlot, newValue);

#getStorageAt(address, index, [block])

Retrieves the data located at the given address, index, and block number.

Parameters:

• address: The address to retrieve storage from.
• index: The position in storage.
• block: The block number, or one of "latest", "earliest", or "pending". Defaults to "latest".

Returns: A string containing the hexadecimal value retrieved.

Example:

await helpers.getStorageAt(address, storageSlot);

#impersonateAccount(address)

Allows Hardhat Network to sign subsequent transactions as the given address.

Parameters:

• address: The address to impersonate.

Example:

await helpers.impersonateAccount(address);

#stopImpersonatingAccount(address)

Stops Hardhat Network from impersonating the given address.

Parameters:

• address: The address to stop impersonating.

Example:

await helpers.stopImpersonatingAccount(address);

# Time helpers

#latest()

Returns the timestamp of the latest block.

Example:

await helpers.time.latest();

#latestBlock()

Returns the number of the latest block.

Example:

await helpers.time.latestBlock();

#increase(amountInSeconds)

Mines a new block whose timestamp is amountInSeconds after the latest block's timestamp.

Parameters:

• amountInSeconds: Number of seconds to increase the next block's timestamp by.

Returns: The timestamp of the mined block.

Example:

// advance time by one hour and mine a new block
await helpers.time.increase(3600);

#increaseTo(timestamp)

Mines a new block whose timestamp is timestamp.

Parameters:

• timestamp: Must be bigger than the latest block's timestamp.

Example:

await helpers.time.increaseTo(newTimestamp);

#setNextBlockTimestamp(timestamp)

Sets the timestamp of the next block but doesn't mine one.

Parameters:

• timestamp: Can be Date or Epoch seconds. Must be greater than the latest block's timestamp.

Example:

// set the timestamp of the next block but don't mine a new block
await helpers.time.setNextBlockTimestamp(newTimestamp);

# Snapshots

#takeSnapshot()

Takes a snapshot of the state of the blockchain at the current block.

Returns: An object with a restore method that can be used to reset the network to the state in the snapshot.

Example:

// take a snapshot of the current state of the blockchain
const snapshot = await helpers.takeSnapshot();

// after doing some changes, you can restore to the state of the snapshot
await snapshot.restore();

# Fixtures

#loadFixture()

Useful in tests for setting up the desired state of the network.

Executes the given function and takes a snapshot of the blockchain. Upon subsequent calls to loadFixture with the same function, rather than executing the function again, the blockchain will be restored to that snapshot.

Warning: don't use loadFixture with an anonymous function, otherwise the function will be executed each time instead of using snapshots:

• Correct usage: loadFixture(deployTokens)
• Incorrect usage: loadFixture(async () => { ... })

Parameters:

• fixture: The function that will be used to set up the fixture.

Example:

async function deployContractsFixture() {
  const token = await Token.deploy(...);
  const exchange = await Exchange.deploy(...);

  return { token, exchange };
}

it("test", async function () {
  const { token, exchange } = await loadFixture(deployContractsFixture);

  // use token and exchanges contracts
})

# Other helpers

#dropTransaction(txHash)

Removes the given transaction from the mempool, if it exists.

Parameters:

• txHash: Transaction hash to be removed from the mempool.

Returns: true if successful, otherwise false.

Throws: if the transaction was already mined.

Example:

await helpers.dropTransaction(
  "0x1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010"
);